Hoya surigaoensis is native to the Philippines. As its name suggests, it originates from Surigao, a province located on the northeastern coast of Mindanao, one of the larger islands in the southern Philippines.

It grows primarily in the wet tropical biome of the Philippines, thriving in tropical forest environments. It is typically found as an epiphyte (climbing on trees) or sometimes as a lithophyte (growing on rocks), adapting to the high humidity, warm temperatures, and dappled light characteristic of its forest habitat. Hoya surigaoensis was formally described relatively recently in 2010.